Burner for liquid fuels



LWWQEE Alwifl 3 9 DQMAN BURNER FOR LIQUID FUELS Filed May 17, 1927 2Sheets-Sheet Apwifi 9;, A, DOMAN BURNER FOR LIQUID FUELS 2 Sheets-SheetFiled May 17, 192'? I 50 ing petroleum lamps without any alterationrPatented h s a, less.

, unites-stares earanr cas es,

AIZLADAB nearer-i, on BUDAPEST, NGARY, .essxenon 'ro ransom-nan mesa-n.manna-sensuous, nniunnnn A. o., os wanna, anaemia,-

-ieuannn. son mourn aunts.

n ueaem filed ma 17, 119%,Serial1ll0. 192,109, and in Hungary m 22, was;

The appliances hitherto known for the combustion of liquidfuelsfor'lighting or heating purposes exhibitva'rious disadvantages.

Above all, the fuel not burnt chrnpletely,

so thatits lighting or, heating power can only be incompletelyutilizedlihe luminous flame is not sufliciently white, andin the caseofheatingthe flame cannot evolve the desired degree of heat because thesupply 7 of air to the flame cannot be regulated inde-' f p'endentlyofthe adjustment for the most favourable evolution of gas and height offlame.

' The flame therefore does nota'eceive suflicient air,,con 1bustiondoes. not take place without smoke, andthe air of the room lighted -orheated isrendered foul. a w o "f The fuel container becomes highly heated*"gvhen the flame-is burning, which haslthe reg; 2Q ult that thevolatileand foul smellingicom L istituents of the liquid. iuel' 'escape andswap-g crate;

'Qfbe attained notwithstanding the cleaning.

{After the extinctionof the flame foul smelling ases are evolvedtherefrpm for some as petroleum and the like are employed. The

' appliancessuggested for this purpose and also actually employed invarious iormsare however very complicated, require-constant "attention,and for the supervision thereof mostly necessary." Moreover the cost ofman 7 short time. 'rhe apparatus form1n of the present invention epresent in use, since it can be fitted'intoexi The essence of theinvention resides; in the act that the strength of the light or thecapacity for the evolution oi-heatis mainv a fllllBfWlCk necessaryiortheformation oi i {the flame requires cleaning or'trirnming each '25 timethe apparatus is'used, and alsoiiiejnders frequent changin' necessary,withnuthow- 1 fever enabling uniformity of tha'fiame to iforedoes notoccur.

WICkJntO a hotzone and a cold zone, or the yeo special technicalknowledge and Iskillare pressure. r l ufacture is considerable, fandnevertheless l "failure is to lie-"expected in a comparativelyii i:,eiam lamp remainindependent ofthe adj usts'j fluent and constant, andthe fuel can be coml'pletely consumed, the regulatingoi the evolution ofgas, as contrasted with known ap- 1 pliances, being ,made independent.of the the subject-matter v. iminates the above mentioned disadvantagesand involves-inc alteration in the construction of the lampsat' tainedconstant in one andthe same burnermdependently of the shifting of thewick, that is to say, the flame does not become smo when the. wick isturned up, irrespectively of whether it is a lighting or a heating flamefflhis result is mainly produced owing to the fact that that part of theiwiclrwhich semester the formation of the llama whether the flameburnsincontactwith t'or'thewick by contact witli fainetallic part of theapparatus, only 'efiects thegasitication. A '65 ytai n line, Underneaththis boundaryethe; 1 I wick remains cool, and does not burnfiY-hlso Ithe flame "cannot strike back tojthis lower part ofthefiwick even ifgases; shouldfihd evolved at that'pointg l Now as the flame is notevolved directly at the end of the fuel. container, but is divided fromthe latter by a portion of the wick which I remainscold, the containeralso remains cold.

of the fueh-is limited downward Ito-a cer-;;

Elie-premature asification of the volatile constituents of .t e liquidfuel, with all'its ;-'unpleasant accompanymgphenomena, there- Thedividing of the limitingof the flame in a downward-direc tion is broughtabout by a fixing or disc having the shape of the upper margin-of the Iwick, said fixing plate being-solid or formed with holes in its uppersurface or connected with a perforated or gauze ring at which alone theflame burns during the normal operation of the lamp, and means for guiala air. alongthe part of thewick located below eai fixing plate andprojecting out of the 'wick tube for the purpose'jof cooling the'lsaidpart of theiwicln. 'Tlhe-fi ame receives in this way great ateadinesswhich or an incandesce I v 't, hunning without "lhel ligliting quantityof alr applied internally to the burner. The quantity of air supplied onthe outside, the direction of its flow, and the angle at which the airmeets the flame, can be renders it suitable r be t; I utilized to,thengmaximum, andthe candle ,j power-and evolution of heat in. one andthe ice- 1- till varied, without the most favourable height of theflame, which is dependent upon the dimensions of the appliance, the airpressure prevailing in the room, and the temperature in the room havingto be altered.

The flame does not smoke. A round flame can be formed above a flat wick,and similarly a flat flame above a round wick, that is to say, the formand dimensions of the flame can be varied according to varyingrequirements.

Upon the flame being extinguished the gas burns without smell andwithout leaving any residue.

If the flame is to be employed for the production of incandescent light,an incandescent mantle of close mesh and comparatively eat strength isplaced in the lamp and rought to ncandescence, in such a manner that thesame is surrounded closely by a ring of flame, which, however, need notpenetrate the fabric of the incandescent mantle. The improved eflectthereby produced expresses itself in a brighter flame, which is moreagreeable to the eye. In the event of the incandescent mantle beingaccidentally damaged the lamp can immediately be utilized as an ordinarywick-burner lamp.

The burner works without preheating by simply igniting the flamethereon.

In the accompanying drawings several constructional examples of theappliance forming the subject-matter of the present invention areillustrated Figure 1 shows in partial sectional elevation a round-burnerpetroleum lamp with internal and external air regulation.

Fig. 2 shows vertical section through the upper part of a round wickburner with another form of fixing plate and with an air sleeve.

Figs. 3 and 4: show a plan and a vertical middle section of a flatburner with a fixing plate.

Figs. 5 and 6 show in plan and vertical middle section another form offixing plate for the conversion of the flame of a flat burner into around flame.

Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate in plan and in vertical middle section amodified form of the fixing plate in combination with an exchangeableair sleeve.

In Figure 1, 1 denotes the fuel container of a petroleum lamp. Atube 5passing through the container 1 and supported by a bow 5 leads the airthat enters'through apertures 8 in the foot of the lamp to the internalsurface of the flame, which is formed at the end of the wick, and whichis deflected and spread out by a support 7, mounted at the upper end ofa rod 9, which is centrally held and guided 1n brackets 10 and 11 withinthe tube 5. For

- the raising and lowering of the rod 9 there is provided a transversepin 12 guided in an ascending arcuate slot 14 in the upper part moaoiaof the foot of the lamp, and provided with a handle 13, the saidtransverse pin 12 being secured in the rod 9. By moving the handle, thedistance'of the support 7 from the ring of flame, and the quantity ofair supplied through the tube 5, as well as its velocity, can be alteredwithin very narrow limits. The lower edge of the slot may preferably beprovided with notches, in which the transverse pin 12 can be held fastwhen adjusted. The support 7 which is only of small dimensions thereforealso transmits no heat to the rod 9 and through the latter to thecontainer 1 so that volatilization of the fuel is accordingly obviated.

Any other suitable gear known in this class of lamps for the purpose oflowering or raising the said support 7 may be employed.

The support 7 widens out conically upwards and has a suitable fasteningdevice for the base part 4 of the closely woven incandescent mantle 3.Since the gas evolved need only flow in contact with the mantle 3externally, the latter may be more compactly woven and thereforestronger. The shape 'to be given to the mantle corresponds to the shapeof the flame.

As Figure 11 shows, the lower end of the rod 9 may be constructed as arack 9", with which there meshes a gear 35 mounted on a spindle 34provided with a handle.

The hearings or supports 10 and 11 are resiliently constructed so thatthey are only held in their position in the tube 5 by frictionalpressure. They can therefore be subsequently inserted in the tube 5 ofany finished lamp. Since they are perforated they do" not prevent thepassagc of air, and are therefore constantly cooled, and transmit noheat to the fuel container and its contents. The plate 7, which is onlyof small dimensions, therefore also transmits no heat to the rod 9, andthrough the latter to the said supports; any heating of the containerand volatilization of the fuel is accordingly obviated.

The wickG and its outer carrier 15 can be raised and lowered by means ofknown toothed gearing, and a spindle 17. The tube 15 is guided in thetube 16, which is connected with a gallery carrying a lamp glass 24, andscrewed into the aperture in the cover of the container 1.

In the case of lamps of known construction the adjustment of the flameand the regula tion of the inner air supply is eflected simultaneouslywith the raising and lowering of the wick. This adjustment is not anaccurate one because the generation of gas increases when the wick israised and at the same time the quantity of air supplied is reduced.When the wick is lowered the contrary occurs.

The main feature of the present invention consists in the fact thatafter adjustment of the correct height of wick which is most favourableto the evolution of gas, the most favourable combustion proportions canbe ensured independently of this adjustment of the wick. The supply ofadditional air to the flame from outside does not supfplement merely thequantity of air necessary or complete combustion, but also exerts aregulating action upon the draught of the lamp, and alters the velocityof the draft and the cooling, in which case the angle at which 'the airmeets the flame can be altered, for the purpose of altering the shape,and the dimensions of the flame and its capacity to exert lighting orheating effects.

For the production of these efiects there serves according to theinvention a fixing 4 plate 21.

' 6 which projects out of the top of the wick guide 5, 5 below themargin of the wick. This ring which is preferably provided with someholes for permitting the passage of the outer cooling air is passed overthe wick and arranged horizontally or nearly so and adjustable inrelation to the height of the projecting part of the wick and is held byfriction on the outer surface of the wick. The fixing plate, brought inits suitable position,

' divides the projecting part of thewick in a portion upwards the ringfor the formation of the flame and in a cool portion below the ringtowards the wick guide. The ring takes up the heat of the flame andprevents the striking back of the flame, burning on the margin of thewick, towards the part of wick below the ring.

In the preferred form of the fixing plate according to Fig. 1 this plateis constructed as a flat ring 21 with an elevated inner mar-' gin formedlike a cap, which is loosely set upon the upper edge or margin of thewick 6 and is provided in the part of the cap, which rests upon themargin of the wick with holes 21 suitably arranged for the formation ofthe'designed shape of flame.

This fixing plate is loosely set up on the upper edge of the wick tube16 when the wick 6 is screwed down into the wick guide 5, 16.

The fixing disc 21 shown in Fig. 2 is provided with a bent innermarginal part or rim 2?. An .air sleeve 23 with holes for leading theinner air flow to the flame burning at the holes 21 of the cap likeuppermost part of the fixing plate is inserted in the wicktube 5 orguide and can be shifted more or less in this latter. The fixing plate21 carries on its outwardly extending part a flat ring 25 of wire gauzeor perforated sheet iron, which ring 25 may be loosely set up or also inone piece with the fixing plate. The

ring 25 aids in leading away the heat produced by the flame forstrengthening the cooling effect of the fixing plate. For the purpose ofextinguishing the flame the wick is slowly turned down, the marginalpart 21 of the fixing plate being let down on the guide tube 5 and themargin of the wick passes out of contact with the perforated part of thefixing plate, so that the flame must extinguish.

The ring 25 serves also for cooling the flame, so that the latter cannotignite the free part of the wick located below the fixing plate, if itshould strike back owing to any sudden change in the air pressure, asfor ex ample in the event of a gust of wind blowing through the lampglass from above.

In the constructional form according to Figs. 3 and 4 the wick 6 whichis flat and guided in a tube 15 of rectangular cross section carries amodified form of fixing plate 21 of corresponding shape, the fixingplate resting loosely on the wick.

The ignition is effected in the manner previously described. The gasformed passes out through the holes 21 of the fixing plate and burns.After ignition the free surface of the wick located below the fixingplate is lowered into the tube 15 to extinguish the flame below thefixing plate and is then raised to the position of most favorable gasgeneration.

Figs. 5 and 6 show a constructional form of the fixing plate for fiatwicks, which has onlytwo holes 21 and is combined with a hollow ring 30mounted thereon, which covers these holes 21, so that the gases evolvedpass from these holes 21 into the interior of the ring 30, which has inits upper wall apertures 30*, at which the escaping gases are ignited.In this manner by the aid of a fiat wick, a round flame can be produced.If desired, holes 30 may likewise be provided at the inner and outerside walls of the ring 30.

The constructional form according to Figs. 7 and 8 likewise serves forthe production -of a round flame on a flat wick, and also for ensuringthe internal air guidance. Upon the fixing plate 21 fitted to the wickis arranged inside the hollow ring 30 an air sleeve 23, which isexchangeable. At the side of the hollow ring is titted a flat sieve ring25 for the purpose previously indicated.

What I claim is 1. An appliance constructed as a lamp or stove for thecomplete combustion of liquid fuels for lighting. and heating purposes,comprising a guide adapted to hold a wick projecting out of the top ofsaid guide, a fixing plate having the shape of a fiat ring. surroundingthe projccting part of the wick below the margin of the wick andarranged horizontally or nearly so and adjustably in relation to theheight of this projecting part of wick, this fixing plate dividing thelatter in a portion upwards the ring for the formation of the flame andin a cool portion below the ring towards the wick guide, and preventingthe striking back of the flame to this lower part of wic and means forguiding air along this latter part of the wick for the purpose ofcooling it.

2. An appliance constructed as a lamp or stove for the completecombustion of liquid face at which holes I the fuels for lighting andheating purposes, comprising a guide adapted to hold a wick proectingout of the top of said guide, a fixing plate having the shape of a flatring surrounding the projecting part of the wick, with a cap like innermargin covering the up per margin of the wick and being adapted to restloosely upon the wick this cap shaped part being formed with holes inits top surflame burns. and means for guiding air along the part of thewick located below said fixing plate and projecting out of the wickguide fort-he purpose of cooling said'part of the wick.

3. An appliance constructed as a lamp or stove for the completecombustion of liquid fuels for lighting and heating purposes, comprisinga guide adapted to hold a wick projecting out of the top of said guide,a fixing plate having the shape of a flat ring surrounding theprojecting part of the wick with a cap-like inner part covering theupper margin of the wick and being adapted to rest loosely upon thewick,this cap-shaped part being formed with holes in its to surface at whichholes. the flame burns an having an overhanging rim for covering theinner side of a round wick to a given distance from the margin of thewick towards the end (it the wick guide, and means for guiding air alongthe part of the wick located below said fixing plate and projecting outof the wick guide for kthe purpose of cooling said part of the VVlC 4.An appliance constructed as a lamp or stove for the complete combustionof liquld fuels for lighting and heating purposes, com prising a guideadapted to hold a wick pro-. jccting out of the top of said guide, afixing plate having the shape of a fiat ring surrounding the projectingpart of the wick with a cap-like inner margin or part covering the uppermargin of the wick, bein adapted to rest loosely upon the wick and liaving holes in its top surface at which holes the flame burns, a fiatperforated or sieve-like part car- ];ried by the fixing plate and.projecting the vtmteiccontour-lineof this plate for aiding in preventingthe striking back of the flame to the wick below the fixing plate-andfor reinforcing the cooling efi'ect of the fixing plate and means forguiding air along the part ml the wick located below said fixing plateand projecting out of the wick guide for the purpose of cooling saidpart of the wick.

5. An appliance constructed as a lamp or stove for the completecombustion of liquid fuels for lighting and heating purposes, comsaidpart of the wick, and an air sleeve formed with perforations for theescape of air supplied internally to the flame through the wick guide inthe case of round wick burners.

6. An appliance constructed as a lamp 9r stove for the completecombustion of liquid fuels for lighting and heating urposes, comprisinga guide adapted to ho d a wick projecting out of the top of said guide,a fixing plate having the shape of a flat ring surrounding the'projecting part of the wick with a cap like inner part or margincovering the upper margin of the wick, being adapted to rest loosely uon the wick and having holes in its top surtace at which holes the flameburns, means for guiding air along the part of the wick located belowsaid fixing plate and projecting out of the wick guide for the purposeof cooling the said part of the wick, and an air sleeve formed withperforations for the escape of air supplied internally to the flamethrough the wick guide in the case of round wick burners, said airsleeve being adapted to pass through a central aperture an guide.

7. An appliance constructed as a lamp or stove for the completecombustion of liquid fuels for lighting and heating purposes, comprisinga guide adapted tohol'd a wick proecting out of the top of said guide, afixlng plate having the shape of a fiat rectangular slide adjustablyinto the wick ring surrounding the projecting part of the wick with acap-like part covering the upper margin of the wick, being adapted torest loosely upon the wick, in combinationwith a hollow annular portionmounted upon the upper side of the cap-like rectangular art,

annular portion having at which the flame burns. 8. An applianceconstructed as a lamp or both parts being in communication by oles inthe top surface of the cap-like part and the holes in its surface.

52, stove for the complete combustion of liquid fuels for lighting andheating purposes, comprising a guide adapted to hold a wick projectingout of the top of said guide, a fixing i plate having the shape of aflat ring sur rounding the projecting part of the wick with a cap-likeinner margin covering the upper margin of the wick, being adapted torest loosely upon the wick and having holes in its top surface atiwhichholes the flame burns,

iso

it to the shape of the flame burning on the surface of the cap-like partof the fixing plate, the flame enveloping the mantle on its 10 outsideonly.

In testimony whereof I aifix my signature.

ALADAR DO 2 a

